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Certified Public Accountant (CPA)

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Introduction

The Certified Public Accountant (CPA) certification in the United States is a professional license granted by each state's Board of Accountancy. It signifies that an individual has the expertise to provide public accounting services, including auditing, financial reporting, and tax preparation. The CPA designation is highly respected and required for many advanced accounting roles, making it a valuable credential for professionals in the field. The certification demonstrates a deep understanding of accounting principles, ethical standards, and regulatory compliance, which are essential for maintaining public trust in financial reporting.

Benefits of CPA (US)

  • Global Recognition – Widely accepted in the United States, Canada, Middle East, and many other regions
  • Career Advancement – CPA professionals often secure higher salaries and leadership roles.
  • Job Opportunities in Big 4 Firms – CPAs are highly preferred by Deloitte, PwC, EY, and KPMG.
  • Comprehensive Knowledge – Covers auditing, taxation, risk management, and corporate finance.
  • Flexibility in Exam Completion – Exams can be taken in any order, allowing candidates to plan effectively

Exam Overview

  • Total Score: 99 per section
  • Minimum Passing Score: 75 per section
  • Scoring Components: Multiple-choice questions, task-based simulations, and written communication
  • Exam Time Limit: Candidates must pass all four sections within 18 months

Eligibility Criteria

The CPA (US) eligibility requirements vary by state, but generally include:

  • A Bachelor’s degree in accounting or a related field.
  • 120 to 150 credit hours of education (varies by state).
  • Some states require work experience under a licensed CPA to obtain the license

How to Register for CPA (US)?

  • Step 1: Verify eligibility based on the state board requirements.
  • Step 2: Apply through the National Association of State Boards of Accountancy (NASBA).
  • Step 3: Pay the exam fees and receive the Notice to Schedule (NTS).
  • Step 4: Schedule the exam at a Prometric testing center.
  • Step 5: Appear for the exam and receive scores within a few weeks.

Syllabus

The CPA exam is structured into four sections, each focusing on different aspects of accounting knowledge:

Exam Section Description Duration
1. Auditing and Attestation (AUD) Tests knowledge of auditing procedures, attestation standards, and the ability to evaluate evidence and formulate conclusions. This section covers topics such as audit planning, risk assessment, and audit reporting. 4 hours
2. Financial Accounting and Reporting (FAR) Covers financial accounting and reporting principles, including the preparation of financial statements and understanding of various accounting standards. Candidates must demonstrate an understanding of Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP) and International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS). 4 hours
3. Taxation and Regulation (REG) Focuses on tax laws and regulations, including individual and corporate taxation, as well as ethics and professional responsibilities in tax practice. This section also covers business law and federal tax procedures. 4 hours
4. Discipline Sections Candidates choose one: Business Analysis and Reporting (BAR), Information Systems and Controls (ISC), or Tax Compliance and Planning (TCP). Each discipline tests specific knowledge relevant to that area, such as financial analysis, information systems, or tax planning strategies. 4 hours